鼓膜可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 肚脐尿管病变A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肚脐尿管病变见于肚脐和食道间，有时候座落在肚脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落在肚脐下。这些病变可观感为完全无；也或很低；也。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，肚脐尿管病变，此病变已受病菌，内部含有相比之下；也的液体。B，肚脐尿管病变，紧绷的病变前壁消除入射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房增生病变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).背壁乳房增生病变是乳房外科手术后的长期合并症，无特殊观感，但可于以前外科手术的瘢痕西北侧见一大面积肿物，并有有规律的疼痛和肿大。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产纹身西北侧乳房增生病变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 背壁血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).背直肌鞘血肿可发生于复发连续性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫复发后，其根本原因有时候是抗凝放射治疗或出血连续性传染病。由于血肿允许于背直肌鞘内，有时候不很大，其形状根据所西北侧位置而定，在弓状本站以上，血肿都为长圆形，天文单位呈上下方向，可于一侧见到（上图13A）；在弓状本站以下，由于背白本站缺如，可扩大偏东中本站，因此血肿观感为分叶状，其最大长度座落在纵轴上。在患儿背壁血肿可见于肚脐上横向扩大（上图13B、C）。术后不规则连续性甲状腺内炎症的病人可于背壁外科手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一中年妇女不稳定的咳嗽后背直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示背横筋膜。B，患儿背壁血肿。C，一患儿肚脐腹腔黏附西北侧上头的背壁血肿。UV，肚脐腹腔。D，一不规则连续性甲状腺内炎症的剖宫产术后病人疤痕西北侧背壁血肿。

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